Average Volcanic Ash (Amsterdam)

Origin

Various volcanic ashes matrices combined. The Average Volcanic Scattering Matrix was obtained as follows. First, the average volcanic ash phase function, F11 was determined by averaging the 7 measured phase functions for volcanic ash particles presented in Muñoz et al. 2004, and the two phase functions of Lokon, and Pinatubo volcanic ash at 632.8 nm presented by Volten et al., 2001, and Muñoz et al., 2002

Main constituent
Volcanic ashes from volcanoes Mt. St. Helens, Redoubt, Spurr, Lokon, and Pinatubo.
Particle size Fraunhofer: reff (μm)
reff between 3 and 14 micrometers
Size distribution plot:
Size Distribution Average Volcanic Ash (Amsterdam)
Size distribution table
Particle shape

Irregular

Color
Various
Scattering matrix (1) wavelength in nm
632.80 nm
Scattering matrix (1) table
Scattering matrix (1) plot:
Averaged measurements for Volcanic Ash at 632.8
Refractive index

Estimated to be in the range: 1.48-1.7 - i0.02-0.00001

Angle range (deg)
[0,180]